Types Of Households Ladera Ranch - 1720 Words

Types of Households in Ladera Ranch The total number of households in Ladera Ranch is 7,161 at the time of this report. Out of these households, 71.9% are occupied by homeowners. There are 5,890 families in Ladera Ranch. These families comprise of 4,996 two-parent homes and 894 single-parent homes. The average number of people in one home is 3.15 (â€Å"Current,† 2014). The median home value is $624,300 (United States, 2012). With this high rate of home ownership and family occupation in Ladera Ranch, residents are more inclined to invest their time and money into their community. These homeowners are interested in investments which increase their quality of life and the value of their properties. Exhibit D, above, is an extract from†¦show more content†¦Family Entertainment Center According to the White Hutchinson, a Family Entertainment Center (FEC) is a community-based facility. FECs are usually located near residential areas. A successful FEC needs to have an average annual frequency of visits of more than 6 times. The average length of a visit ranges from 2 to 2.5 hours and the average spending per visit ranges from $8 to $14. An FEC needs to include multiple anchor attractions in various categories to attract and retain visitors. Examples of these attractions are bowling lanes, skating rinks, laser tag facilities, miniature golf courses, climbing walls, children’s edutainment experiences, video arcades, simulator / motion theater attractions, etc. In addition, birthday party and food and beverage facilities are also major parts of an FEC due to the large percentage of income they generate (White Hutchinson). According to Bederka (2014), there has been a decrease in participation rate and average spending in FECs since 2003. However, there is â€Å"no (spending) change in the top 20 percent of income households† on FEC facilities. This signals a potential market for an FEC in the Ladera Ranch community as the average income of this town is nearly double the average income of the state of California. The market profitability for this business also proves to be stable during economic and technological changes. Moreover, Bederka (2014) also highlights that the FEC market is â€Å"shifting to both

The Role of Abraham Maslow in Life of Pi by Yann Martel

â€Å"Maslow noted only one in a hundred people become fully self-actualized because our society rewards motivation primarily based on esteem, love and other social needs†(McLeod). Pi, the novel’s protagonist, moves through the very same motivational levels that Abraham Maslow identifies in his landmark psychological studies. Understanding the different stages helps show why certain behaviors are occurring and eventually after all stages are fulfilled is when a person becomes self-actualized. Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist who introduced the concept of the motivational needs in his paper â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation† written in 1943. He explains that humans have certain needs that need to be fulfilled and when†¦show more content†¦Desperation forced him to try and move towards the safety box that was near Richard Parker who has the ability to easily attack him. Once Pi is near the safety box he illustrates the feeling of satisfaction b y saying, â€Å"oh, the delight of the manufactured good, the man-made device, the created thing! That moment of material revelation brought an intensity of pleasure -- a heady mix of hope, surprise, disbelief, thrill gratitude, all crushed into one †¦ I was positively giddy with happiness. (Martel 141). He finds water in the box as he hoped for and this has brought him a confidence boost. Even though Pi completed the first of many stages in the hierarchy, he is still stranded in the ocean. He acknowledges the fact that animals or very territorial and in turn marks his own territory within the boat. Pi insists that, â€Å"I had to fix in his mind that the top of the tarpaulin and the bow of the boat, bordered by the neutral territory of the middle bench, was my territory and utterly forbidden to him† (Martel 168). He urinated on the parts of the boat that he claims as his part of the boat and does it in a way that Richard Parker who is an animal would understand. While having managed to complete the first two levels, Pi begins to think about the loved ones he has lost and others he cannot see anymore. The end of the book helps describe the animals in the boat as representations of human emotions that Pi has detached from himself. ThisShow MoreRelatedLife of Pi - Maslows Hierarchy of Needs1979 Words   |  8 PagesPi On Top of the Pyramid The meaning of life is a topic questioned by many. One might think of our job on earth as a journey to reach our individual full potential. Abraham Maslow was one of those people. Knowing that motivation is driven by the existence of unsatisfied needs he created a concept called the Hierarchy of Needs. This concept was expressed as one of the many themes throughout the novel, Life of Pi, Yann Martel asks the reader to reflect on life itself; we are forced to become

Comparison of Dell with Zara and Myer-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Compare Supply Chain Management of your chosen Company. Answer: Introduction Dell is a multinational organization of the American origin which operates in the field of computer technologies. The organization has its headquarters in Round Rock, Texas, United States. The company mainly sells, develops, supports and repairs computers and computer related products as well. The founder of the organization is Michael Dell and the company has been able to receive the position of one of the biggest technology corporations in the world. The organization employs more than 103,300 people all over the world. The products sold by the company include, servers, personal computers, data storage related services, software, network switches, cameras, MP3 players, printers and other electronic devices (Dell.com 2018). Dell is also well-known in the industry for the innovation that it has made in the supply chain management related activities. Dell has grown in a huge manner after its establishment in the year 1984. The company has also received the 51st rank in the Fortune 500 list in the year 2013. The distribution strategy of the organization is one of the major reasons behind its success in the industry. The supply chain of the organization has been able to make the organization successful in the industry in which it has its operations (Dell.com 2018). The report will be based on the analysis of the various supply chain related strategies that are used Dell and has further contributed to the success of the organization. The two organizations that are considered for comparison with Dell are Zara and Myer. Myer is the weaker organization and Zara is the company which a has a stronger supply chain. The reasons behind the success of Dell The major reason behind the huge success of Dell has been unique supply chain related strategies that have been used by the organization. The main strategy used by the company is selling its products directly to the customers and further avoiding the needs for intermediaries that enables the product to reach faster to the customers. The organization has invested a huge amount in the customer relationship management related activities which have enabled Dell to operate closely with the customers. The use of internet is the key element of the strategy that is used by Dell. The key attribute of the supply chain of Dell is the visibility of the supply chain of the organization related to the systems of production and sales (Beske and Seuring 2014). The warehouse space that is required by the organization is also quite less as the suppliers provide their products just-in-time directly to the production line of Dell. These suppliers are the major contributors to the success of Dell in the industry. Dell is a 57 billion-dollar organization is famous for the supply chain related systems that have been employed by them. The organization was the first in the entire industry to introduce the system of configure-to-order or CTO model. This allowed the organization to offer products to the customers according to their needs. The company was also able to manufacture and offer products faster as compared to the competitors in the market (Beske, Land and Seuring 2014). This unique model of the business has helped the company in estimating the requirements of the customers, forecasting the demands and providing PCS which are low-cost in nature. Dell has further introduced the new concept of Smart Selection which is based on the build-to-order or BTO model. This model enables the organization to provide wide variety of products to the customers. The implementation of this model further changes the entire supply chain scenario of the organization. The process of direct customer sales has helped Dell in increasing their wealth of customer intelligence. The company has also been able to gain competitive advantage in the market with the help of their close customer relationships (Carter, Rogers and Choi 2015). The close relationships with the customers with the help if direct sales by the organization also helps in increasing loyal customer base of Dell. The supply chain potential of Dell is enabled with the help of continuous-optimization framework which is based on the four steps. The cost related to logistics and supply chain costs up to 2 billion dollars per week and the organization serves more than 13 million customers. The company focusses on the expansion policies that are related to its global reach (Ellram and Cooper 2014). The four major steps related to the supply chain optimization of the organization are, Assessing the processes of the business. Designing the supply chain so that customer requirements can be matched. Enabling the capability. Stabilizing the situation so that the supply chain works (Fahimnia, Sarkis and Davarzani 2015). The major factor that is related to the supply chain related strategies of Dell is the responsible sourcing of the various raw materials that are required for the production process. The organization works in a diligent manner to educate the suppliers, the customers and the investors regarding the issues that are related to the supply chain activities. The company has worked closely with the suppliers to ensure that the supply chain is conflict in nature. Dell has continued the supply chain activities in such a manner which is environmentally and socially responsible in nature (Fernie and Sparks 2014). The suppliers of Dell are diverse in nature and they need to follow a set of standards and rules to become a partner of the organization. Comparison of Dell with Zara and Myer Zara is a fashion retail organization that was founded in the year 1975 by Armancio Ortega as an initiative to understand the world in a better way for the fashion products that are manufactured by him. The first store of the organization was established in Spain and the organization has been able to expand its operations since then in the entire world. The main secret behind the huge success of Zara is its efficient supply chain. The company provides more than 450 million items within a year. Zara is able to run its operations smoothly with the help of the effective supply chain activities of the organization. The overarching strategy is used by Zara to achieve growth with the help of diversification with the help of vertical integrations (Zarahome.com. 2018). The organization adapts itself to the new designs, distributes, manufactures and further retails the clothes within almost two weeks of launch of the original design. The supply chain activities are totally owned by the compan y and it competes with the other organizations in the industry to provide fast fashion (Kozlenkova et al., 2015). The concept of just-in-time production was implemented in the supply chain of Zara. A large amount of the entire production of Zara is kept in-house. The organization also ensures that the factories owned by Zara have around 85% of their total capacity. The process of in-house production enables the company to be flexible about the frequency, amount and the variety of the new products that are to be launched. One of the major features that adds to the efficiency of the supply chain if Zara is the quick response that is provided by the organization to demands in the market (Meixell and Luoma 2015). The pull model is applied by Zara to their inventory and supply chain management. The company creates around 1000 designs per month based on the sales in the stores and the trends in the market. The customer spending tendency is also monitored by Zara. The number of batches of fashion apparels that are manufactured by the organization is small. This helps the company to understand the need for these products in the market. This is also a great way used by the organization to explore the new designs in the market. The IT systems that are used to back the distribution centres of Zara are quite strong in nature (Monczka et al., 2015). The clothes manufactures in the various factories are shipped back to the central location. The products are then further distributed to the different countries and the various stores of the company as well. Myer is an upmarket chain of departmental store of the Australian origin and they trade in all the different Australian states. The organization is known for retailing a number if products including, mens and womens clothing, childrens clothing, accessories, fragrances, cosmetic, electrical appliances, computers, homewares and many more. The founder of the Myer retail group was Sidney Myer. The growth of the organization had started from the year 1984 and Myer continued to grow thereafter (Myer. 2018). The organization however had to face low sales from the year 2000 and the customer visit to the various stores also started to reduce. The organization was going through huge losses from the years 2000 to 2005. The supply chain related strategies and growth related strategies that were applied by Myer had proved to be unsuccessful for the operations of the organization. The company was then purchased by a private equity firm named TPG in the year 2006 (Pagell and Shevchenko 2014). The acquisition further led huge changes in the supply chain of the organization. a world-class supply chain related strategy was implemented in Myer. The strategy was done by the organization with the help of planning and execution. This further included the setting up of four new distribution centres, four new international hubs which were supported by warehouse management related process and new inventory and the various e-commerce related initiatives (Schaltegger and Burritt 2014). The stores of the organization were services out of Coles Group. The two major strategic imperatives that were faced by Myer include, the achievement of adequate service with the help of the interim period of the support and ensuring that the alternate provisions of service were in place. The supply chain capability needed to be designed so that it was able to successfully tailor the operating strategy of Myer. A robust and dynamic supply chain was designed by the TPG Group after 18 months of the acqui sition (Stadtler 2015). The comparison of the three organizations Dell, Zara and Myer has revealed that the supply chain related strategies affect the operations and the profitability of these companies in the industry. The industry or sector to which the organization belongs does not affect this strategy. The successful supply chain related strategies of Zara that were based on the likes and the desires of the customers affect the revenues of the organization. On the other hand, the failure in the supply chain strategy of Myer has affected its growth in a negative manner which has ultimately led to its acquisition by another organization (Stevens and Johnson 2016). The first step that was taken after the acquisition process of Myer was to improve supply chain of the organization. This helped the company in growing and creating its new position in the market. Dell has been successful in its operations with the help of its effective and on-time supply chain related strategies like Zara. On the other hand, My er has been unsuccessful in its operations in the industry due to the lack of a successful supply chain strategy (Taticchi et al., 2015). The steps taken by Dell to main their competitive advantage Dell has been a leader in the computer technology industry for many years. This is an established brand which manufactures personal computers and caters to the market of the US and in the other countries as well. The selling method that has been applied by Dell is unique in nature and the supply chain of the organization is also a major part of the selling process that is used by Dell. The direct to customer model of business is used by Dell to operate profitably in the market. This model is also known the Dell Direct and it refers to the relationship that is built between the customers and the organization. This business model further helps Dell to focus on the support and service that they provide, the price for the customization, latest technology, superior value of shareholder and the performance (Touboulic and Walker 2015). The organization has been able to distinguish itself and its operations from the competitors in the market with the help this different business model. The company is further able to provide the customers with value for their money as they remove the intermediaries in the supply chain and are able to customize the products. The major resources of the organization which has provided this competitive advantage are the latest technologies that allow the organization to move forward with its superior for of supply chain. The value chain of Dell allows the organization and its suppliers to interact with each other and further exchange information related to the various products (Turker and Altuntas 2014). The organization has been able to use the services that are provided by the internet in a successful manner and has reduced the costs that are related to production. The company believes in directly connecting with the customers and understand their demands rather than wasting the resour ces of the company. The competitive advantage of Dell is created by the success of the Direct model. The IT performance of Dell combined with the resources and the relationship which the organization has with its customers and suppliers adds a huge advantage to the operations of Dell (Taticchi et al., 2015). Effectiveness of the strategies that are used by Dell The strategies that have been implemented by Dell have been effective for the growth of the revenues of the organization in the computer and technology industry. The operating plant of Dell is owned by the company itself and this has been one of the major strategies related to the global operations of Dell. This has reduced the time that is taken for the completion of production process and products can also reach the customers faster. The company also enjoys good proximity to the workforce that is available with the help of this strategy (Stadtler 2015). The innovation related strategies that are implemented by Dell with the help of internet have affected the revenues of the organization in a positive manner. The two major supply chain strategies that have been used by Dell are, configure-to-order and the process postponed production. These two processes have been useful for Dell and a similar process called just-in-time production strategy has also been applied by Zara. This strategy was successful in increasing the profitability of Zara in the fashion retail industry (Kozlenkova et al., 2015). The customers are given highest priority by the organizations like Dell and Zara. On the other hand, Myer has not been successful in implementing this strategy which has led to the huge losses for the organization followed by its acquisition by TPG Group. Sustainability and its relevance to Dell Sustainability is related to the endurance of the processes and the systems. The major organising principle related to sustainability is the sustainable development, which includes four domains namely, economics, ecology, culture and politics that are interconnected in nature. Sustainability is applied by Dell in an active manner in the lifecycle of the services and the products. The company further aims to reduce the impact of its operations on the environment and further plays an important role in the driving the progress of human (Monczka et al., 2015). The ways by which the consumers use the products mainly account for a huge amount of the footprint that is created by the organization. This is the reason behind the policies that are made by the organization to improve its value chain. References Beske, P. and Seuring, S., 2014. Putting sustainability into supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: an international journal,19(3), pp.322-331. Beske, P., Land, A. and Seuring, S., 2014. Sustainable supply chain management practices and dynamic capabilities in the food industry: A critical analysis of the literature.International Journal of Production Economics,152, pp.131-143. Carter, C.R., Rogers, D.S. and Choi, T.Y., 2015. Toward the theory of the supply chain.Journal of Supply Chain Management,51(2), pp.89-97. Dell.com (2018).About Dell. [online] Dell. Available at: https://www.dell.com/learn/us/en/uscorp1/corp-comm [Accessed 6 Apr. 2018]. Ellram, L.M. and Cooper, M.C., 2014. Supply chain management: It's all about the journey, not the destination.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(1), pp.8-20. Fahimnia, B., Sarkis, J. and Davarzani, H., 2015. Green supply chain management: A review and bibliometric analysis.International Journal of Production Economics,162, pp.101-114. Fernie, J. and Sparks, L., 2014.Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan page publishers. Kozlenkova, I.V., Hult, G.T.M., Lund, D.J., Mena, J.A. and Kekec, P., 2015. The role of marketing channels in supply chain management.Journal of Retailing,91(4), pp.586-609. Meixell, M.J. and Luoma, P., 2015. Stakeholder pressure in sustainable supply chain management: a systematic review.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,45(1/2), pp.69-89. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., 2015.Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Myer. (2018).Myer. [online] Available at: https://www.myer.com.au/ [Accessed 6 Apr. 2018]. Pagell, M. and Shevchenko, A., 2014. Why research in sustainable supply chain management should have no future.Journal of supply chain management,50(1), pp.44-55. Schaltegger, S. and Burritt, R., 2014. Measuring and managing sustainability performance of supply chains: Review and sustainability supply chain management framework.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,19(3), pp.232-241. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Stevens, G.C. and Johnson, M., 2016. Integrating the supply chain 25 years on.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,46(1), pp.19-42. Taticchi, P., Garengo, P., Nudurupati, S.S., Tonelli, F. and Pasqualino, R., 2015. A review of decision-support tools and performance measurement and sustainable supply chain management.International Journal of Production Research,53(21), pp.6473-6494. Touboulic, A. and Walker, H., 2015. Theories in sustainable supply chain management: a structured literature review.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,45(1/2), pp.16-42. Turker, D. and Altuntas, C., 2014. Sustainable supply chain management in the fast fashion industry: An analysis of corporate reports.European Management Journal,32(5), pp.837-849. Zarahome.com. (2018).Zara Home |Official Site. [online] Available at: https://www.zarahome.com/es/en/ [Accessed 6 Apr. 2018]

Nationalism DBQ free essay sample

During the time of the French Revolution, the French peoples expressed great pride in their nation. Eventually nationalism spread to other people, inspiring uprisings across Europe and in Latin America. In the 1860’s, the unification of Italy was lead by nationalism. By the year 1871, Germany had united as well. Outside of Europe, nationalist movements took root in India, Turkey and various other places. Amongst the Jews, a movement arose to create a separate Jewish state in Palestine. As the 1800’s drew to an end, nationalistic forces created tensions in the Balkans that served as a catalyst for a world war. Revolution and war in the late 1700’s created a strong sense of national unity in France. This feeling inspired French armies to success on the battlefield as they fought to spread the ideas of their Revolution. According to Document #1, the French people felt very strongly of their country, many of which are described in Levee en Masse. We will write a custom essay sample on Nationalism DBQ or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also in Document #2, the feeling of pride is clearly stated in their anthem (Marseillaise). Napoleon also inspired nationalism amongst the nations he conquered. However, these nationalistic feelings encouraged these conquered people to rise up against Napoleon. During the years following the French Revolution, nationalism led to disaster in Europe and elsewhere. Nationalism was not always positive; it also served as a source of conflict in the Balkan peninsula of southeastern Europe. During the 1800’s, the Ottoman Empire still ruled much of the area, which was considered home for various groups. These groups were the Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians, and Romanians. In the 1800’s, nationalistic groups in the Balkans rebelled against the rule of foreigners. Nations in Europe hoped to gain land from the Ottoman Empire. France, Great Britain, Austria-Hungary and Russia all formed an alliance and designed wars in order to gain territory from the Ottoman Empire. A nationalistic movement sponsored by Russia called Pan Slavism, based on the idea that all of the Slavic people shared a similar nationality. Russia supported Serbia because of its large Slavic population. However, Serbian nationalism was feared by Austria-Hungary and angered  Serbia by conquering two provinces that would’ve given Serbia access to the Adriatic Sea in 1908. Eventually in the beginning of the 1900’s, after a series of continuous conflicts within the Balkan Peninsula, tensions created a full out global conflict (World War I). The last time Italy was united was before the fall of the Roman Empire in the 400’s. Some of the Italian states were united into the Kingdom of Italy, after Napoleon invaded Italy. The Congress of Vienna redivided Italy and put most of it under Spanish and Austrian control. Mentioned in Document #3 Count Camillo Cavour was the prime minister of the Italian State of Sardinia. He formed alliances with France and eventually with Prussia. He used both war and diplomacy to extinguish Austrian power from Italy. Also mentioned in Document #4 Giuseppe Garibaldi was a soldier who led forces that won control of southern Italy and helped unify northern Italy. By 1861, Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia was crowned the king of a, once again, united Italy. The urban North often quarreled with the rural South. The Catholic Church also resisted the new government. Even though there was economic growth, unrest increased in the late 1800’s. Beginning in the late 1700’, nationalism became a major force that inspired uprisings all across Europe and Latin America. In the mid 1800’s, nationalism created two very strong and united nations (Italy and Germany), also shown in map A form Document #7. Nationalistic attitudes spread amongst the Indian, Turkish, Jewish peoples. Nationalism did not always bring people together, in the early 1900’s nationalism made problems in southeastern Europe that led the country to the edge of a possible war.

My curriculm data Essays

My curriculm data Essays My curriculm data Essay My curriculm data Essay Gendarmes office Meeting Manager: Weeks Said Note taker Iranian AL-Mari Attendees: Iranian, Faker, Waft, and Maybe Absent: I-Meeting Discussion point: Staff Discussion and Action Point Notes Projects issues: Weeks Talk to Soma about B. E about B. E budget. Waft did a great Job last week of collecting impact assessment of WBT. Set with Iranian and Faker for B. E customization for farmers. Iranian has to contact Wall to ask about more information in implementing B. E farmers curriculum in Algeria and when can we have the farmer curriculum. Train the consultant to train the farmers. Presentation from Waft about the impact assessment of WEBFOOT training to present it in SF meeting. Maybe has to follow up HUB manager Mohammed Henna for applying Business Women plan of May. Maybe has to start to evaluate the project through selecting beneficiary and know their current situation after being involved in project activities. Iranian Following up training in Saunas , Hoodoo , BIB, and Taxi. Face difficulties because of B. E partners delay the invoices and related documents. Follow up with Waft B. E arrangement for TOT. Follow up the Monitoring and Evaluation consultant. Assessment for new business edge partners. New assistant for issuing certificates for partners instead of Waft. Set with Iranian to see farmers B. E new customization. Set with Weeks and Waft to see the impact of WBT training. Waft Finished the impact assessment for WBT training. Follow up B. E new trainers and make interviews with them. Follow up B. E certificates. Maybe Training B. E in Marketing for Business Women in Mukluk during 5-8 May 2013. And the same training will be in Aden, and Hoodoo will be handled next week . Having Business Women form Outside Yemen( Philippe and Mona ) but waiting the feedback from Faker. HUB plan for May

Ten Facts About the U.S. State of Oklahoma

Ten Facts About the U.S. State of Oklahoma Population: 3,751,351 (2010 estimate)Capital: Oklahoma CityBordering States: Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Arkansas and MissouriLand Area: 69,898 square miles (181,195 sq km)Highest Point: Black Mesa at 4,973 feet (1,515 m)Lowest Point: Little River at 289 feet (88 m)Oklahoma is a state located in the central southern part of the United States to the north of Texas and the south of Kansas. Its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City and it has a total population of 3,751,351 (2010 estimate). Oklahoma is known for its prairie landscape, severe weather and for its fast growing economy.The following is a list of ten geographic facts about Oklahoma: The first permanent inhabitants of Oklahoma are believed to have first settled the region between 850 and 1450 C.E. In the early to mid-1500s Spanish explorers traveled throughout the area but it was claimed by French explorers in the 1700s. French control of Oklahoma lasted until 1803 when the United States purchased all of Frances territory west of the Mississippi River with the Louisiana Purchase.Once Oklahoma was purchased by the United States, more settlers began to enter the region and during the 19th century, the Native Americans who had been living in the region were forcibly moved away from their ancestral lands in the region to the lands surrounding Oklahoma. This land became known as Indian Territory and for several decades after its creation, it was fought over by both the Native Americans who had been forced to move there and new settlers to the region.By the end of the 19th century, there were attempts to make Oklahoma Territory a state. In 1905 the Sequoyah Statehood C onvention took place to create an all Native American state. These conventions failed but they began the movement for the Oklahoma Statehood Convention which eventually led to the territory becoming the 46th state to enter the Union on November 16, 1907. After becoming a state, Oklahoma quickly began to grow as oil was discovered throughout several regions of the state. Tulsa was known as the Oil Capital of the World at this time and most of the states early economic success was based on oil but agriculture was also prevalent. In the 20th century, Oklahoma continued to grow but it also became a center of racial violence with the Tulsa Race Riot in 1921. By the 1930s Oklahomas economy began to decline and it suffered further due to the Dust Bowl.Oklahomas began to recover from the Dust Bowl by the 1950s and by the 1960s. Massive water conservation and flood control plan was put into place to prevent another such disaster. Today the state has a diversified economy that is based on aviation, energy, the manufacture of transportation equipment, food processing, electronics and telecommunications. Agriculture also still plays a role in Oklahomas economy and it is fifth in U.S. cattle and wheat production.Oklahoma is in the southern United States and with an area of 69,898 square miles (181,195 sq km) it is the 20th largest state in the country. It is near the geographic center of the 48 contiguous states and it shares borders with six different states. Oklahoma has a varied topography because it is between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau. As such its western borders have gently sloping hills, while southeast has low wetlands. The highest point in the state, Black Mesa at 4,973 feet (1,515 m), is in its western panhandle, while the lowest point, Little River at 289 feet (88 m), is in the southeast.The state of Oklahoma has a temperate continental throughout much of its area and a humid subtropical climate in the east. In addition, the high plains of the panhandle area have a semi-arid climate. Oklahoma City has an average January low temperature of 26Ëš (-3ËšC) and an average July high temperature of 92.5Ëš (34ËšC). Oklahoma is also prone to severe weather like thunderstorms and tornadoes because it is geographically located in an area where air masses collide. Because of this, much of Oklahoma is within Tornado Alley and on average 54 tornadoes hit the state each year.Oklahoma is an ecologically diverse state as it i s home to over ten different ecological regions that range from arid grasslands to marshlands. 24% of the state is covered in forests and there is a variety of different animal species. In addition, Oklahoma is home to 50 state parks, six national parks, and two national protected forests and grasslands. Oklahoma is known for its large system of education. The state is home to several large universities which include the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University and the University of Central Oklahoma. To learn more about Oklahoma, visit the states official website.ReferencesInfoplease.com. (n.d.). Oklahoma: History, Geography, Population and State Facts- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0108260.htmlWikipedia.org. (29 May 2011). Oklahoma - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma

Strategies of Hearing Aids Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategies of Hearing Aids Market - Essay Example An increase in the price of commodity results in the decrease of the quantity demanded the same commodity and vice versa (Keat and Young, 2009, p. 47). Therefore, if the firms reduce the prices of hearing aids, there can be increased demand for it and as  result firms can achieve higher sales and higher profits. Demand and revenue are closely related. When demand is elastic, the total revenue will be increased due to a decrease in the price of the product. When the percentage of quantity demanded is more than the changes in price, the total revenue will be increasing. While analyzing the price factor and demand for the hearing aids, it can be understood that reducing the prices can be a reasonable measure to expand the demand and market for hearing aids. But same time, the price is often regarded to be an attribute that consumers value a product and its quality. The case of hearing aid markets show that high price has become the main factor behind less demand for it and therefore firms can increase potential demand for the product if they can offer hearing aids for reduced prices. The hearing aid companies can have pricing strategies. Companies can increase the total revenue by decreasing the prices of hearing aids if the demand is Elastic or by increasing the prices if the demand is inelastic. The hearing aids demand is inelastic because there are very few substitutes and it is considered to be an essential device for hearing for those who suffer from hearing loss (Amlani, 2007). So, the hearing aids firms can possibly increase the prices in order to increase the revenue, but it may have to reduce the prices and increase the quality of the products in order to gain a better position among the competitors especially if there is perfect competition in the market. Based on market and situational analysis like Porter’s five force analysis, a marketing manager will be able to analyze various factors like buyer and supplier powers, competition rivalry, potential entry and other threats, and based these the managers will be able to implement either cost-leadership approach or differentiation approach (Keat and Young, 2009, p. 376).  

Champagne Scholarship letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Champagne letter - Scholarship Essay Example Department of Education regulations. I want to pursue my program of study at ITT and maintain my satisfactory academic progress. This scholarship will allow me to prepare myself and obtain a job in my area of specialization. My goal is to complete the remaining two years of my course work at ITT. My objective is to become part of the motorsports industry as a sales representative, a problem solver, and develop designs to attract more people to the automobile industry. I have worked in the motorcycle racing industry and I have also raced with various sponsors. I have won many awards and I want to excel in this area as well. I am familiar with all of the aspects of automobiles and as a Pro Racer I have the ability to work independently and as a team member. Due to my discipline, I am able to deliver tasks on time. I hope that the Champagne Scholarship Committee gives me the opportunity to further my education and pursue my goal and objectives, given my track record of success in these areas that I have become involved with, this will be another successful achievement.

The argument regarding guns Essay Example for Free

The argument regarding guns Essay The argument regarding guns on campus has been a hot topic ever since the widely covered tragedies at Columbine High School and Virginia Tech University. Since those and other shootings have taken place, some states have decided to make provisions to gun carrying laws on campuses allowing students and faculty to arm themselves. However, not all states have been able to pass changes on such a polarizing issue, and are met by heavy opposition from anti-gun groups. The debate is one with deeply rooted emotions for some, as family members and friends have been directly affected by campus violence. No matter which side of the debate you stand on, one has to admit it is interesting to look at how past events may have been altered with different gun laws, as well as the possible risks and prevention that provisions could cause in the future. On April 16, 2007, a single gunman killed 32 people and injured 17 others before taking his own life on the campus of Virginia Tech. Armed with a backpack full of ammunition, Seung-Hui Cho went from classroom to classroom murdering students and teachers before the campus police finally broke down the barricade to the building he was in, and he turned the gun on himself. Although there is not a way to be sure of how something so random could have been prevented, there is also no doubt in the minds of some that it could have been stopped sooner and more innocent lives saved had there been permission to carrying handguns into the classroom. The response in regards to gun laws following the events in Virginia included â€Å"politicians in at least 25 states have considered new laws or policies designed to protect college students† (Lewis 1) within three months of the attacks. The Virginia Tech Massacre opened old wounds and created new ones, all while sparking nationwide interest and debate on how campuses deal with gun restrictions. In 2008, Arizona Senator Karen S. Johnson, following a shooting on the campus of Northern Illinois University, said that â€Å"the police, [Johnson] said, respond too slowly to such incidents and, beside, who better than the people staring down the barrel to take action? † (Archibold 1) Had there been a student or professor armed during the VTech massacre, there is a chance that the gunman could have been taken down much sooner, saving maybe even dozens of lives and preventing multiple injuries sustained during the attacks. Further supporting from 2008 were the figures on violent crimes on college campuses for the year. â€Å"There were 3,287 rapes, 60 killings, 5,026 assaults and 4,562 robberies across college campuses just in 2008†¦experts tell us campus crime is underreported. † (Burnett 1) Those numbers support the thinking that many self defense advocates use in believing they are at a higher risk of attack knowing that most likely someone walking around a college campus will not be armed. Also following the shooting at VTech, the â€Å"Students for Concealed Carry† was formed. Within 6 months of forming the group had chapters at 60 colleges across the nation, and today now has over 350 chapters in 46 states. In 2010 a Colorado court ruled in favor of the SCC claiming there were inconsistencies between laws enforced by the state and by campuses regarding the right to self defense. (Colorado Court of Appeals 3) Those opposed to the notion of allowing firearms on campus often hang onto the risks that such enactments could possibly result in. Eliminating gun-free campuses nationwide could, in a sense, create very tense and hostile environments in schools and brings up several questions such as, â€Å"Will students feel safer knowing that the student sitting next to them could be ’packing’? † (Siebel 1) The atmosphere created by the chance that there are people armed with guns sitting in close proximity to one another could spoil the integrity of academic debate (Rogers 1) in some if not most college campus settings, much pride is invested into the ability to share differing and sometimes controversial ideas on what could be an emotion stirring topic. [School] is a place where we depend on being able to speak our minds and offer sometimes controversial opinions in a free and open place, she said. The feeling among a percentage of faculty is that this will create a climate of fear and intimidation. (Frosch) The prospect of having guns in the classroom makes many people nervous or fearful for understandable reasons, and would likely lead to less focus on actual instruction and academic participation. This immediate effect could also hold larger ramifications as time goes on with the possibility of affected grades, graduation rates, and possibly even lower enrollment rate from state to state depending on the campus gun laws. However, contrary to this belief shared by anti-gun groups, there does not seem to be any major spike in crime on those campuses that do allow concealed weapons to be carried, â€Å"71 campuses in three states already allow licensed concealed carry on campus†¦done so for years without a single resulting incident. †(Burnett) This leads some to believe that the idea that allowing guns campus would turn them into potential warzones may be greatly exaggerated. Another major criticism gun carrying provisions say that the amount of issues that could arise from it outweigh the prevention possibilities suggested by supporters and would cause more gun related incidents to occur as a result. â€Å"[Critics] argue that the guns would make it easier for people barely out of adolescence, or perhaps emotionally troubled, to respond lethally to typical campus frustrations like poor grades or failed romances. † (Archibold 2) That mode of thinking was supported in 2002 when University of Arizona student Robert Flores Jr. shot and killed 3 of his professors then himself after reportedly being barred from taking an exam by one of his professors. It was determined to be premeditated and likely emotion driven as â€Å"police said [he] specifically targeted the instructors, killing one in her office on the second floor and shooting the others in a fourth-floor classroom as students dove for cover. † (Holguin) Of course in the same respect one could say that had the professors been armed some, if not all, lives could have been saved. One will almost never be able to definitively determine the emotions and motives behind someone going off on a rampage through a university, however it is not farfetched to predict that someone willing to take innocent lives would not be as likely to follow the laws concerning guns whether it was legal to carry or not. Opposition to the pro-gun stance in this issue claim that the chances of catastrophic events such as the VTech Massacre are â€Å"rare† and usually â€Å"either last long enough for armed campus security to respond, or are over before anyone can react. † (USA Today) While the likelihood of an attack occurring is admittedly not very high, it would be interesting to hear a Senator explain those odds to the family of someone killed in one of the many tragedies taken place across the country. Also needed to take into account is the fact that some reports on violent crime â€Å"excludes incidents in which only one person was killed or injured, as well as incidents in which a student started shooting, but no one died. † (CLAJ 291) Therefore leaving some reports skewed to the notion that an attack is not likely. The amounts of varying factors weighed in the decision whether or not to permit guns on campuses, causes a major divide between stances in the issue. Such a polarizing issue as gun control can never come to complete compromise. Those uneasy about the idea of having live firearms in a classroom are unlikely to ever feel completely comfortable, and those who feel their right to self defense is being violated will continue to do so. Whether or not more states decide to adopt changes to gun laws, there will continue to be close attention paid to the measures campuses and states take to ensure the safety of students and staff. We can always speculate what could have been prevented, however much can be taken from tragedies in the past in an effort to deter any future attacks and prevent any more senseless acts of violence.

vendor managed inventory :: essays research papers

Vendor Managed Inventory Vendor Managed Inventory is a means of optimizing supply chain performance, in which the manufacturer is responsible for maintaining the distributors inventory levels. The manufacturer has access to the distributors inventory data and is responsible for generating purchase orders. During this process, the supplier is guided by specified objectives regarding inventory levels, fill rates, and transaction costs. A typical business model without VMI entails that when a distributor needs product, they place an order against a manufacturer. The distributor is in total control of the timing and size of the order being placed. The distributor maintains the inventory plan. However, when utilizing the Vendor Managed Inventory model, the manufacturer receives electronic data, usually EDI(Electronic Data Interchange) or via the internet, that tells him the distributors sales and stock levels. The manufacturer can then view every item that the distributor carriers as well as true point of sale data. The manufacturer becomes responsible for creating and maintaining the inventory plan. Under VMI, the manufacturer generates the order, not the distributor. Note that VMI does not change the "ownership" of inventory. It remains as it did prior to VMI. VMI consists of two EDI transactions that are the basis of the process: †¢ Product Activity Record; the data contained in this document are sales and inventory information. This is the primary transaction †¢ The second transaction contains and deals with the product numbers and the quantities ordered by the supplier as the customer requests In all of its forms VMI should be about improving visibility of demand and product flow in a supply chain, facilitating a more timely and accurate replenishment process between a supplier (vendor) and an inventory site (customer, distributor, distribution center, etc†¦). The application of VMI can be at any point within a supply chain: Manufacturer – Wholesale Distributor Wholesale Distributor - Retail Manufacturer - End Customer Wholesale Distributor – End Customer Manufacturer – Internal Inventory Sites Inventory is the proxy for information. In the absence of timely and accurate consumption data, each node in the supply chain compensates for the lack of information with inventory. Not only does poor information flow build supply chain inventories, but it also restricts each company’s ability to react to increases in demand, causes extended outages, service interruptions and lost sales. As actual demand for products is disseminated up the supply chain in a more real time environment, the more closely aligned production is with demand. As the gap between production and demand diminishes, so to does supply chain inventories and service level interruptions.

Fixing California Drought Essay

In an attempt to find a solution that would best resolve the water drought crisis in California, we’ve all heard how we could apply technology such as desalination or green-friendly practices such as water conservation. Finding those who divert water wrongfully is just as challenging as it is to preserve the precious resource. Tough statewide regulations have been already rolled out this year in a bid to punish those who misuse it. Under the emergency conservation restrictions, hosing down driveways and sidewalks is prohibited, along with landscaping that causes excess water runoff that gets noticeable on sidewalk curbs. Californians who wash their cars on their properties must have a hose shut-off nozzle. An offender should expect fines up to $600 a day for unjustified water usage. About 40 percent of all drinking water in Los Angeles is used for landscape irrigation, according to the Department of Water and Power of California. Outdoor watering with sprinklers is restricted to three days a week, with different watering days for odd-numbered and even-numbered street addresses. With new restrictions and ordinances, it’s been reported that some agencies have received more than 30,000 complaints but only issued 300 files through April of 2014. First-time offenders receive a warning. This shows that wasteful water enforcement by city and state departments haven’t put enough effort in a bid to punish violators. Although it has been found that humans had very little to do with the start of the drought, California citizens can affect the duration of it. Ultimately, the only thing that will truly end the drought is drastically increased rainfall. One foot of rainfall would be needed a month to put an end to the effects of the drought. However, there are ways presently available that can help conserve water. This should be a prime focus, as it is the best hope of preventing further damage to our ecosystem. While California cannot control the amount of rainfall it receives its people can slow the growing water deficit; which recently measured at 62 trillion gallons Works Cited: Don Thompson. â€Å"Save California water regulators approve fines for water wasters.† The Associated Press / Los Angeles Daily News. Web. 15 Jul. 2014.

Monetary policy

However, share of total employment is still low due to the fact that numbers of Australians work in the services sector. The rate of unemployment rate was also misleading due to the assumption of that paid work of one hour a week means the persons is classified as â€Å"employed† (Henry Thornton, 2013 ). Employment in manufacturing has been declining dramatically (Appendix 10) and the total number of manufacturing Job losses under the Rued and Gaillardia Governments to 143,300. (Sophie Memorable, 2012) Besides, the high exchange rate of Australia due to mining boom make the export sees competitive and make it costly for foreign company to purchase.The industry other than mining such as manufacturing, tourism and overseas enrolment in Australia has experienced significantly reduced in export income. There's an analysis from the Australia Institute that state out the country's farmers have lost $43. 5 billion in export income since the mining boom pushed the Australian dollar to historic highs, suffering a 41 per cent drop in export earnings since the boom began (The Australian Institute, 2013). The manufacturing index slumped 6. 9 points 40. 3, the stakes reading since June 2009 and fifth drop in six months (SMS, 2012).A depreciation of ADD is likely to put upward pressure on the rate of inflation. A lower dollar increases the price paid on imports, leading to an increase in imported inflation. The mining boom which is cooling has contributed to the depreciated ADD and caused Australia in a dangerous position and struggling and expecting a recession (Henry Thornton, 2013). Implication for Monetary and Fiscal Policy The Australian Dollar has rising over decades not only because of economic boom, but also thank to the effort of Australian government on monetary policy.During Global Financial Crisis, many countries all around the world has suffered in economic growth. However, Australia has done pretty well and has indirectly contribute to the rising of ADD. This is due to ARAB significantly increased of Aggregate Exchange Settlement (SE) balances to a peak of $1 Billion, which usually runs at $1 billion. As the economy enters a â€Å"Systemic Liquidity Stage,† the central banks become the â€Å"lender of last resort† (LOUR), this provided banks liquidity to support themselves in a period of tough financial condition (Varian Chafer, 2009).Over the course of the cuisines cycle, the ARAB continually tighten and loosen monetary policy in order to prevent inflation spilling over it's 2-3% average target range. (Appendix 11). The inflation target is the main guide for monetary policy decisions, and achieving that goal takes priority over other goals. The reason why Australia government want to keep inflation rate low is to stabilize the real income, drive up the economy and enhance country's competitiveness (RUG Barron, 2013). In terms of fiscal policy, government under Gaillardia has failed to perform it well.Competitiveness of Australia's on-mining sectors has slumping due to high company income tax (30%) as compared to other Asian competitor, for example, Singapore (15%) and government did not spent money wisely on infrastructure which would attract investor. In my own opinion, Australians new government under Tony Abbott should cut down the taxes from income. The action mentioned earlier can boost up the amount of the participation of labor force in Australia. When the worker knows that they are going to have a great earning on their real income, more of them are willing to come out to work in different industry.Appendix 12 shows increased in labor supply (supply rev moves to right) when there's tax cut. This is following by the increase in Real Gross Domestic Product. When more labor is involve in an industry, more output is produced and leads to increase in GAP Appendix 13. Besides, government should spend more on infrastructure, introducing new technology facilitating investment to attract the inv estor from foreign country to invest in Australia to increase Aggregate supply and contributes to higher GAP. Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Appendix 7 Appendix 8 Appendix 9 Appendix 10 Appendix 1 Appendix 12 Appendix 13 Monetary Policy 2. Some economists suspect that one of the reasons that economies in developing countries grow so slowly is that they do not have well-developed financial markets. Does this argument make sense? Yes it does make sense since the financial markets have a big role in a country’s economy and has a greater affect on it if it’s working well or not (channeling the funds to people who will use them efficiently and productively).When a country works its financial markets in an efficient way (having the right investments, having enough money supply to better develop the country with its education, health, and infrastructure, and also enough to give for entrepreneurs to help develop the country, etc. ) it will defiantly affect the country positively and result in having a faster developing country. 4. If you suspect that a company will go bankrupt next year, which would you rather hold, bonds issued by the company or equities issued by the company? Why?I would rather hold bonds th an equities because a company will pay whatever left of their assets to their bondholders before their shareholders since bonds are forms of debt; therefor bondholders have claim on a company’s assets before shareholders (owners). 11. How can the adverse selection problem explain why you are more likely to make a loan to a family member than to a stranger? Adverse selection is the problem created by asymmetric information (when one party doesn’t have enough information about the other party to make an accurate decision) before the transaction of a loan occurs.So making a loan with a family member is better, or most likely to occur, rather than with a stranger because one will have more information available (knowing their honesty, risk tolerance and more, and also easier contact) with a family member than a stranger, which will help him/her (the lender) avoid the adverse selection problem. 16. â€Å"In a world without information costs and transaction costs, financial intermediaries would not exist† Is this statement true, false, or uncertain? Explain your answer. Uncertain.Information costs and transaction costs are two of the main reasons why financial intermediaries exist, so if these two costs fall, people will lend and borrow at zero cost and so they won’t be needing any financial intermediary. Nonetheless, financial intermediaries do have other functions such as enhancing individual and national income through interest or dividend on the lender’s surplus fund. Enhancing the GDP of a country through using the funds in a more productive way. They create capital for the country through the savings flow they receive.They help determine the price of traded financial assets through buyers and sellers, and based on the demand and supply. They also provide a sign for the allocation of funds. And finally they provide selling mechanism on financial asset to offer the benefit of marketability and liquidity of such assets. | 17. Wh y might you be willing to make a loan to your neighbor by putting funds in a savings account earning a 5% interest rate at the bank and having the bank lend her the funds at a 10% interest rate rather than lend her the funds yourself? To avoid asymmetric information (adverse selection and moral hazard) and to decrease transaction cost.Putting funds in a bank has no risk and not let one worry about having enough information about his/her neighbor (asymmetric information). If for example I lend my neighbor $100 and the chances for him/her to pay me back were 50%, then my expected return would be $55 [100* (1+10%)*50% + 0*50%]. But if I deposited my funds in a saving account, my expected return would be $105 [100*(1+5%)]. And that is because banks as intermediaries are more capable on providing better-expected return by diversifying their risk. Banks also have better resources on monitoring their borrowers actions; therefor they can avoid the asymmetric information problems. Monetary policy However, share of total employment is still low due to the fact that numbers of Australians work in the services sector. The rate of unemployment rate was also misleading due to the assumption of that paid work of one hour a week means the persons is classified as â€Å"employed† (Henry Thornton, 2013 ). Employment in manufacturing has been declining dramatically (Appendix 10) and the total number of manufacturing Job losses under the Rued and Gaillardia Governments to 143,300. (Sophie Memorable, 2012) Besides, the high exchange rate of Australia due to mining boom make the export sees competitive and make it costly for foreign company to purchase.The industry other than mining such as manufacturing, tourism and overseas enrolment in Australia has experienced significantly reduced in export income. There's an analysis from the Australia Institute that state out the country's farmers have lost $43. 5 billion in export income since the mining boom pushed the Australian dollar to historic highs, suffering a 41 per cent drop in export earnings since the boom began (The Australian Institute, 2013). The manufacturing index slumped 6. 9 points 40. 3, the stakes reading since June 2009 and fifth drop in six months (SMS, 2012).A depreciation of ADD is likely to put upward pressure on the rate of inflation. A lower dollar increases the price paid on imports, leading to an increase in imported inflation. The mining boom which is cooling has contributed to the depreciated ADD and caused Australia in a dangerous position and struggling and expecting a recession (Henry Thornton, 2013). Implication for Monetary and Fiscal Policy The Australian Dollar has rising over decades not only because of economic boom, but also thank to the effort of Australian government on monetary policy.During Global Financial Crisis, many countries all around the world has suffered in economic growth. However, Australia has done pretty well and has indirectly contribute to the rising of ADD. This is due to ARAB significantly increased of Aggregate Exchange Settlement (SE) balances to a peak of $1 Billion, which usually runs at $1 billion. As the economy enters a â€Å"Systemic Liquidity Stage,† the central banks become the â€Å"lender of last resort† (LOUR), this provided banks liquidity to support themselves in a period of tough financial condition (Varian Chafer, 2009).Over the course of the cuisines cycle, the ARAB continually tighten and loosen monetary policy in order to prevent inflation spilling over it's 2-3% average target range. (Appendix 11). The inflation target is the main guide for monetary policy decisions, and achieving that goal takes priority over other goals. The reason why Australia government want to keep inflation rate low is to stabilize the real income, drive up the economy and enhance country's competitiveness (RUG Barron, 2013). In terms of fiscal policy, government under Gaillardia has failed to perform it well.Competitiveness of Australia's on-mining sectors has slumping due to high company income tax (30%) as compared to other Asian competitor, for example, Singapore (15%) and government did not spent money wisely on infrastructure which would attract investor. In my own opinion, Australians new government under Tony Abbott should cut down the taxes from income. The action mentioned earlier can boost up the amount of the participation of labor force in Australia. When the worker knows that they are going to have a great earning on their real income, more of them are willing to come out to work in different industry.Appendix 12 shows increased in labor supply (supply rev moves to right) when there's tax cut. This is following by the increase in Real Gross Domestic Product. When more labor is involve in an industry, more output is produced and leads to increase in GAP Appendix 13. Besides, government should spend more on infrastructure, introducing new technology facilitating investment to attract the inv estor from foreign country to invest in Australia to increase Aggregate supply and contributes to higher GAP. Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Appendix 7 Appendix 8 Appendix 9 Appendix 10 Appendix 1 Appendix 12 Appendix 13 Monetary Policy 2. Some economists suspect that one of the reasons that economies in developing countries grow so slowly is that they do not have well-developed financial markets. Does this argument make sense? Yes it does make sense since the financial markets have a big role in a country’s economy and has a greater affect on it if it’s working well or not (channeling the funds to people who will use them efficiently and productively).When a country works its financial markets in an efficient way (having the right investments, having enough money supply to better develop the country with its education, health, and infrastructure, and also enough to give for entrepreneurs to help develop the country, etc. ) it will defiantly affect the country positively and result in having a faster developing country. 4. If you suspect that a company will go bankrupt next year, which would you rather hold, bonds issued by the company or equities issued by the company? Why?I would rather hold bonds th an equities because a company will pay whatever left of their assets to their bondholders before their shareholders since bonds are forms of debt; therefor bondholders have claim on a company’s assets before shareholders (owners). 11. How can the adverse selection problem explain why you are more likely to make a loan to a family member than to a stranger? Adverse selection is the problem created by asymmetric information (when one party doesn’t have enough information about the other party to make an accurate decision) before the transaction of a loan occurs.So making a loan with a family member is better, or most likely to occur, rather than with a stranger because one will have more information available (knowing their honesty, risk tolerance and more, and also easier contact) with a family member than a stranger, which will help him/her (the lender) avoid the adverse selection problem. 16. â€Å"In a world without information costs and transaction costs, financial intermediaries would not exist† Is this statement true, false, or uncertain? Explain your answer. Uncertain.Information costs and transaction costs are two of the main reasons why financial intermediaries exist, so if these two costs fall, people will lend and borrow at zero cost and so they won’t be needing any financial intermediary. Nonetheless, financial intermediaries do have other functions such as enhancing individual and national income through interest or dividend on the lender’s surplus fund. Enhancing the GDP of a country through using the funds in a more productive way. They create capital for the country through the savings flow they receive.They help determine the price of traded financial assets through buyers and sellers, and based on the demand and supply. They also provide a sign for the allocation of funds. And finally they provide selling mechanism on financial asset to offer the benefit of marketability and liquidity of such assets. | 17. Wh y might you be willing to make a loan to your neighbor by putting funds in a savings account earning a 5% interest rate at the bank and having the bank lend her the funds at a 10% interest rate rather than lend her the funds yourself? To avoid asymmetric information (adverse selection and moral hazard) and to decrease transaction cost.Putting funds in a bank has no risk and not let one worry about having enough information about his/her neighbor (asymmetric information). If for example I lend my neighbor $100 and the chances for him/her to pay me back were 50%, then my expected return would be $55 [100* (1+10%)*50% + 0*50%]. But if I deposited my funds in a saving account, my expected return would be $105 [100*(1+5%)]. And that is because banks as intermediaries are more capable on providing better-expected return by diversifying their risk. Banks also have better resources on monitoring their borrowers actions; therefor they can avoid the asymmetric information problems.

The Right to Develop “Designer Babies”

The Right to Develop â€Å"Designer Babies† The Right to Develop â€Å"Designer Babies† Eugenics is the study of selective breeding of human beings with the objective of improving the human genetic qualities and it is specifically applied in the prevention of congenital disorders and in the heritability of the human IQ (Duster Troy, 1990). The recent developments in Eugenics have given people the possibilities of growing designer babies for various reasons. Prenatal screening and testing are a routine part of pregnancy for most expectant mothers in the US, widening the genetics which were once confined to the clinics and the general world of obstetrics. Parents can use In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) to have unborn babies tested for various genetic defects though a process known as Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD). Eugenics is slowly allowing people to be able to breed human beings that will help in treating genetic diseases and get babies of a preferable gender at the same time giving us a chance to enhance desirable traits and eliminate the undesirable one. Alth ough this may not be ethically acceptable, genetic screening helps parents to intervene in the genetic make-up if their children and therefore, the development of designer babies should be allowed. This essay explores the support for the development of designer babies which is achieved by using reproductive technology in a eugenic manner. It evident that this has been done successfully when in 2000, baby Adam Nash of Colorado, USA was born. He had been selected using Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) and PGD testing as an IVF embryo. This selection was done on the evidence that he did not have the genetic disability which his sister Molly had. The genetic disability Molly had was Fanconis Anemia. The other argument was that his tissues matched those of Molly (Josefson, 2000). If a transplant could not have been done, Molly would not have lived past seven years of age and she was only six when Adam was born. At birth, blood was taken from Adams umbilical cord and used to successfully transplant stem cells in Molly who with all intentions and purposes was completely cured and fully recovered (Boyle and Savulescu, 2001). It is apparent that what the Nashes did was for a noble cause. T hey decided to have an IVF embryo developed in order to save another life. At the same time, there seems to be nothing wrong with growing a baby with the intention of saving the life of another person. This was advantageous to Mr. and Mrs. Nash because they were able to intervene in Adams genetic make-up who was completely healthy and free from the genetic disorder their daughter had when he was born. In addition to this, they were able to save their dying daughter. It also helped them psychologically since they were saved from the agony of having to live with a daughter with a genetic defect they could do little about and being parents, it would have really affected them. I support the growing of designer babies because they reduce the chances of siring children with serious genetic diseases like Famial hypercholesterolemia, Down Syndrome and blood disorders like Diamond Blackfan Anemia like in Adams case as seen above. Scientists can genetically select the embryos so that their children possess the right cells that do not lead to the manifestation of the particular genetic disease. If there is a history of a particular genetic disease or a blood disorder in the family, the chances of an unborn child getting the disorder are very high. An embryo is therefore chosen that does not have that particular genetic disorder (McLaren Angus, 1990). The unborn child is therefore guaranteed to be healthy and his or her chances of survival are increased. An example is with Charlie Whitaker who had the blood disorder; Diamond Blackfan Anemia. In order to save his life, a designer baby was grown who was totally free from the disorder and like in the case of Adam, t he baby was used to donate blood to Charlie and his life was saved. Growing designer babies can assist a lot in identification of genes that contribute to the understanding of how these genes work (Weil, 2004). With time, the continued development of designer babies will assist couples and scientists to know what kinds of genes are associated with various behaviours and traits. This makes an addition to the knowledge we have about the genetics of many more diseases, behaviours and traits, but the capacity to biologically analyze genetic samples whether from maternal serum, IVF embryos and amniotic fluid will increase rapidly. This will give us a chance to learn more about our future babies and the likely behaviours they might possess. This will then allow us to analyze for thousands of genetic diversities in comparison to the limited analysis of just a few diseases that are done in case designer babies are not grown. The major advantage of such knowledge as far as designer babies are concerned is that, couples are allowed to interfere in their babys genetic make-up and in the process, they are sure of a healthy baby developing in the womb with the desired traits. This inevitably reduces the cost and increases the efficiency (British Medical Association, 2003) of screening, making prenatal analysis very desirable and have its scope broadened. Another reason why I advocate for couples being able to intervene in their babys genetic make-up is that it helps to avoid the cases of terminating pregnancies just because a certain genetic disease was not selected for at the beginning of the pregnancy. This point is very similar to the ones given above but it is important to note that if a couple had not selected for certain disease and the condition is detected during the pregnancy, there are chances that the pregnancy will be terminated to avoid giving birth to a child with the particular genetic defect. The termination of pregnancies have several disadvantages in that it can result to the death of the mother and if she survives, she might become barren due to damages that can be result from the pregnancy termination processes, not to mention the fact that safe terminations of pregnancies are very expensive. Therefore, PGD screening of embryos will ensure the selection of embryos through IVF which allows prenatal diagnosis of fer tilized eggs just before they are implanted in the uterus (British Medical Association, 2004). Therefore, perfectly healthy embryos are chosen for implantations and the cases pregnancy terminations are reduced. Intervention in the genetic make-up of our babies will make a great contribution to eugenics. This is because since the 1990s, there has been very little progress in gene transfer process despite this process being risk free. With the growing of designer babies, this process will be made possible and gene transfer will be done and used for gene therapy of certain genetic diseases. Some research shows that It will be difficult, if not impracticable, to use gene therapy to treat some types of genetic conditions. By now, scientists are focused on using the gene therapy to transfer viable genes to people with recessive genetic conditions that come as a result of their genes to produce the essential enzymes. Using gene transfer is a practical way to help someones body to produce that missing enzyme. Though complex, this process is simpler than the consequences brought about by the chromosomal abnormalities or the dominant mutations (Friedmann, 2005). With the advancement in growing of des igner babies the process of gene therapy will made easier than before. It is good to imagine that the effort and desire to control the occurrence and treatment of genetic diseases will be great. At this particular point growing the designer babies will be integrated with true treatment of and cure for diseases. Gene transfer also opens doors to positive eugenics where it is focused on improving births which comes as a solution to the prevention of undesirable births. Growing designer babies is used to enhance particular desirable qualities in addition to just treating diseases. It is important to note that there is a difference between treatment of genetic diseases and improvement of births. Using extreme distinctions, treatment of genetic diseases focuses at the eradication of the disease like providing a gene that prevents a baby from inheriting a certain genetic condition (as discussed earlier) but the main point of concern here is birth improvement which focuses on improving on the norm. An example here is where transfer of genes is done to help a child with medium height that theoretically occurs at somatic level of cells or the germ level of cells allowing the child to grow to a normal height. When this is done at the embryonic level, it is possible to come up with a designer baby tha t will have a normal life without the undesirable traits like being too short. Creation of designer babies helps to improve future generations in one way or the other (Duster Troy, 1990). This sometimes presents the greatest extremity of trying to create the designer babies. The goal of this essay was to explore issues supporting the growth of designer babies using eugenic technologies as well as finding out the advantages couples have in being able to interfere in the genetic make-up of their children. Even though the current eugenics are not similar to those practiced in the past, many of the similar drives exist even today and most notably the passion to improve the human species and the genetic make-up of our children by making some important reproductive choices. Eugenics has been brutally criticized in the past and this can be attributed entirely to how the underlying goal was pursued. It was done through involuntary limitations of the reproductive autonomy which were done entirely on the weak and the underprivileged and not necessarily because of the goal. The modern and future eugenics evades some of these threats. However, eugenics has more advantages as laid out in the paragraphs above. Eugenics as a practice is based on the underlying intentio n that is aimed for the best interests of a family or a child. It is not based on discriminatory attitudes as proposed by Galtons theory at the beginning to Hereditary Genius: I put forward in this book that the natural abilities of a man are derived by inheritance, under precisely the same restrictions as are the form and physical features of the whole natural world. As a result, as it is easy, notwithstanding those restrictions, to obtain by careful selection a stable breed of dogs or horses gifted with special powers of running, or of doing anything else, so it would be quite realistic to generate a highly-gifted race of men by well judged marriages during several successive generations (Galton, 1883). The morals of eugenics are usually addressed as ethics on the larger level of the society but where individuals and small groups like families are involved, it becomes a case of choice and eugenics can confer to them the benefits shown in this essay.

How to Write a Novel 5 Key Steps Every Good Book Needs [Template]

How to Write a Novel 5 Key Steps Every Good Book Needs [Template] How to Write a Novel: 5 Key Steps Every Good Book Needs [Template] If you misunderstand how to write a novel with the proper story structure, your book will never sell.Harsh, but true. And thats why were here to tell you the exact methods that skyrocketed the popularity of books like The Hunger Games and the Divergent series.Here are the steps for how to write a novel:The Setup for writing a novelThe Inciting IncidentThe First Slap of a novelThe Second SlapThe Climax of a novelBut before we dive right into those, we have to understand your unique writing methodin order for you to understandhow to write a novel in a way thats best for you.What is a Novel?A novel is a work of fiction told through narrative prose focusing on characters and a plot with at least some degree of realism.Essentially, a novel is a long story in which a message, theme, and plot are revealed slowly over the course of scenes and chapters that make up a bigger storyline.How Many Words in a Novel?The exact number of words that make up a novel varies greatly depending on the genre and personal taste, however, a book is considered a novel if it has more than 50,000 words.But that doesnt mean your book will be that long. You have to learn how many words are in your novel.Below is a table detailing how many words make up a novel in each respective genre, as some are typically longer than others.Type of WritingWord CountPages in a Typical BookExampleShort story100 - 15,0001 - 24 pages"The Gift of the Magi" by O. HenryNovella30,000 - 60,000100 - 200 pages"A Clockwork Orange" by Anthony BurgessNovel60,000 - 100,000200 - 350 pages"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone": by JK RowlingEpic Novel120,00 - 220,000+400 - 750+ pages"Game of Thrones" by George R.R. MartinKeep in mind that these are a baseline. You want to make sure your novel is in the ballpark word count for your genre and target audience but just remember that you can easily go over or under depending on how well the story is craftedand if it covers our 5 key milestones it will be craftedwell.How do you plan a novel? Your Novel Structure Breakdown ( Template)Planning a novel involves coming up with your plot, character development, knowing your audience, and outlining your book.Coming up with your plot involves knowing which genre you want to write or even utilizing a list of writing prompts to get your thoughts moving.Character development is one of the most vital parts of your novel. Take the time to know your characters and protagonist well before you start writing in order to better plot your novel to fit how they act.Your audience will dictate the type of content in your plot. You can always plot first and then decide if youll be writing young adult, new adult, adult, or even middle grade. Just make sure you categorize your novel correctly in order to reach the right audience.Once you know the above, youre ready to outline your novel. First, however, you have to figure out if youre a pantser, plotter, or somewhere in between before you can outline your book.If you want to hav e a solid fill-in-the-blank template, we have three story structures for planning your novel.Fill out the form below to gain access! Whats the Difference Between Pantser Versus PlotterA plotter is someone who plans out their novel with an outline before actually writing, whereas a pantser is someone who writes with seemingly no direction they write by the seat of their pants.Are you a plotter or a pantser?Fiction authors tend to fall into one of two buckets when writing their books.PantsersThese are writers who basically only have a few vague elements about the story in mind when they start writing, but nothing else.One of the most famous pantsers is Stephen King. In interviews, Stephen King has said that he often has an idea of the beginning, the premise, and a vague idea how it’s all going to end – and that’s all he needs to start writing his book.PlottersThese are writers who need to know every piece of their story, down to the minute detail, before they will write a single word. They have full, complete outlines that serve as a guide for their writing.They will know who each and every one of their characters are, what their motivations are, the chapters needed for the book, chapter sections, and in some cases, even paragraphs. Probably the most famous plotter out there is James Patterson.Knowing if youre a plotter or pantser will dictate your entire writing process.Clearly, it’s possible to be successful whether you’re a plotter or pantser. But here’s the harsh reality: whereas Stephen King and James Patterson sit on opposite extremes of the ‘Outline Spectrum’, most of us fall somewhere in between.But that still doesn’t answer the question:Are you a pantser or a plotter?My best advice is to be something in between. Someone who looks beyond the â€Å"outline† of a novel, and identifies something much more important in their story†¦the 5 key milestones were about to reveal to you. How to Write a Novel with 5 Key Milestones of Every Successful NovelMost novels and movies have five key points that make up the core of their story its a formula thats been around for longer than books have.This may not even be something authors do intentionally but rather, these are what make a story (even spoken) good and captivating.What’s more, these milestones are something that readers have subconsciously been trained to look for when digesting a piece of fiction. In other words, if you don’t have these five key moments, your reader is likely to turned off of your story because it didn’t meet expectations set by the hundreds (if not thousands) of stories they have already digested before yours.Lets get started.#1 The Setup when writing a novelThis is where you make your story promise and write an introduction that pulls readers in.Heres a solid resource for how to start a story if you need a few more tips.You tell your reader what kind of story it will be – a comedy, drama, mystery, fantasy, sci:In the Hunger Games, we meet Katniss. From her surroundings, it is obvious that she is poor, and as soon as she steps outside of her wooden shack we see hovering drones.Within the first few pages of this book, we have learned three essential things:This book is a dramaKatniss is our heroine and she has a miserable lifeSURPRISE! There are drones and other technologies that indicate this to be a sci:Katniss volunteers! In the Hunger Games, the inciting incident is irreversible because – quite literally – soldiers grab Katniss, whisk her away from her world, and into the world of the games.There is no escape.And even if she could get away, she would be hunted by the Capital for the rest of her life. With those two simple words, â€Å"I volunteer!† her life has changed forever.Note: There is an exception to this rule when it comes to romances.With romances, the inciting incident is almost always when the two lovebirds meet. (Not always, but for the vast majority of romances, this is the case.) With romances, try to create an inciting incident that si multaneously shows how perfect these two people are for each other while setting up the numerous reasons why they can’t be together.How to Write a Novel Action Step:Answer these questions in full and complete the brainstorming activity. What is your inciting incident? Is it strong enough? Are there ways you could up the stakes or shorten the timeline? How can you make it your inciting incident as impactful and irreversible as possible?Brainstorm several inciting incidents†¦ Don’t settle for one. Take a look at your inciting incidents and ask yourself this: Which one of these is the harshest, deadliest inciting incident of the bunch. Then pick that one.#3 The First SlapNow, we are away to the races for writing a novel!Over the next few chapters, your character should be making a series of gains and losses, where the aggregate result is that their situation is slightly better than what it was at the moment of the inciting incident.The reason why we need this up ward trajectory is because we are setting up the reader for the first slap.The first slap is the moment when everything that our hero has gained is lost in fell swoop. Your hero is brought down to zero. In other words, all gains are lost, and your hero’s situation has never been bleaker.The greater the fall, the more engaged your reader will be.First Slap Example:In the Hunger Games, Katniss’s world is brought down to zero when she actually enters the Games.Between the inciting incident on the first slap, Katniss has made several gains, garnering the attention of the Capital and making some friends along the way. But none of that matters the moment she enters the Games – and what a moment it is.How to Write a Novel Action Step:Brainstorm what your first slap can be. Like with the inciting incident, try to come up with 3:In the Hunger Games, the second slap is when the Game Masters announce that two tributes can survive the Games should they both be from the same district.Katniss goes looking for Peeta, only to find him mortally wounded – he is bleeding to death and won’t survive the next few hours, let alone the rest of the Games. We know enough about Katniss to realize that Peeta dying is the worst thing that could happen to her (besides her own death).But there is hope!An announcement is made that there is something at the cornucopia that the Tributes need, and Katniss just knows that there is medicine there for Peeta.How to Write a Novel Action Step:Brainstorm several seconds slaps and pick the harshest one. Then ask yourself: where is the hope and how will it lead into the climax?#5 The ClimaxThe rollercoaster that you’ve put your reader on is almost over.The reader has gone from an engaging setup where they get to learn about your characters and world to the inciting incident where everything is turned on its head.Then they are subjected to the first and second slaps where you embrace your inner sadomasochist in order to punish your hero and give the readers the thrills they so richly deserve.Now it is time to wrap it all up with the climax.There is only one rule to the climax. A rule that must be adhered to, no matter what genre you are writing in:Make it amazing! The climax should be the moment where your reader puts down the book and goes, â€Å"Holy S*%! That was awesome!†Novel Climax Example:The climax in the Hunger Games is the final confrontation between Katniss and the remaining Tributes, as well as the monsters that the Game Masters send after her. It is wrought with danger and excitement.But what makes the climax truly kickass is the poisonous berries at the end.If you don’t know what I’m talking about, pick up a copy of Hunger Games today and read it! You’ll immediately get why this scene is so amazing.How to Write a Novel Action Step:Brainstorm your kickass climactic scene! Show us how amazing, smart, resourceful, powerful your hero is when overcoming their final obstacles, but remember to make sure its realistic and makes sense for your character.There you have it: how to write a book is made much easier with your 5 key milestones. This method is particularly effective for first-time authors who are still finding their writing feet (or should I say typing fingers) and is an awesome resource that experienced writers can rely on time and again when planning their stories.The 5 Key Milestones combined with a spot-on Premise and A-Story will tell you where your story starts, where it is headed and how it will end.In other words, if you do the novel writing exercises above, you should have everything you need to get your novel to the finish line.

Political Science Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political Science - Research Paper Example Before we can call the Danish government conservative, we must first briefly discuss, What is conservatism? It can be basically divided into two parts: fiscal conservatism and social conservatism. For the purposes of this essay we will focus mostly on the former. Edmund Burke, the father of conservatism, once wrote: [I]t is to the property of the citizen, and not to the demands of the creditor of the state, that the first and original faith of civil society is pledged. The claim of the citizen is prior in time, paramount in title, superior in equity. The fortunes of individuals, whether possessed by acquisition or by descent or in virtue of a participation in the goods of some community, were no part of the creditors security, expressed or implied...[T]he public, whether represented by a monarch or by a senate, can pledge nothing but the public estate; and it can have no public estate except in what it derives from a just and proportioned imposition upon the citizens at large.1 The focus on individuals and their economic rights are a cornerstone of conservative thought. (It should be noted here, that Burke’s version of conservatism is essentially the same as classical liberalism.) The state should not unduly interfere in the lives of its citizens. While extensive state spending—as implemented by the Danish Social Democratic party during their many years in power—may appeal to key sectors of the population (e.g. unions and students), it does nothing to provide economic opportunities for the average citizen and indeed captures many in a cycle of dependence. In this regard, the election of Rasmussen in 2001 was a breath of fresh air. He is, after all, the author of a book called From Social State to Minimal State and the author of a signature policy that freezes new taxes. He has gone someway to remake his Liberal

Pathologies of Rational Choice by Green and Shapiro Research Paper

Pathologies of Rational Choice by Green and Shapiro - Research Paper Example When these methods are corrected most of the empirical outcomes no longer hold true. Green and Shapiro claim that rational choice theory provides little understanding of overall political interactions . The writers claim that there are methodological defects in the rational choice 2) According to Green and Shapiro (reading #7) how scientific is rational choice theory?   Green and Shapiro have stated that rational choice theory is theory-driven rather than problem driven. There is a discrepancy between the faith placed in the rational choice theory by its practitioners and the failure of the theory to deliver empirical results. This raises questions on the rational choice theory as a scientific enterprise. The weakness of the rational choice theory has been an attempt by the theorists to come up with universal theories of politics. There is little attention paid to the fact as to how these theories may be put into operation. This is the reason that Green and Shapiro have declared it as an unscientific theory in which no empirical proof is available and only theoretical statements have been provided. 3) What conclusions do Green and Shapiro (reading #7) drawn regarding the value of   rational choice theory? Although Green and Shapiro have been extremely critical of the rational choice theory but in their book they have found limited faults with the theory itself. They have mainly criticized the theorists who have been associated with the theory. The book says that rational choice theory can be extremely useful if further work is done on it. They have also accepted the theoretical frameworks which have been provided by the rational choice theory. The only problem lies in putting to practice of these theoretical frameworks. 4) In his discussion of Anthony Downs’ An Economic Theory of Democracy what does   Bryan Jones (reading #10) regard as â€Å"a major addition to our understanding of rational   Choice†?   The major contribution of Anthony Down’s â€Å"An economic theory of democracy† has been to introduce the notion that search behavior is subject to a rational calculus. The more valuable is the outcome of a decision; the more search is one likely to perform. In case o flow information; a rational person will use shortcuts such as ideology or party identification. The addition of cost of search function along with understanding the role of risk and uncertainty are the major additions to the understanding of rational choice theory. 5) In your reading #11 on incrementalism, describe how Lindblom-Wildavsky’s model   of incrementalism has succeeded and how in the eyes of some theorists it has failed.   The theory of incrementalism has been declared by many critics in the sense that most policy decisions are incremental. These decisions are not re-examined every year against all the possible alternatives. More importantly even the critics of incremental theory have not represented a model of retu rn to rational, comprehensive decision making which was strongly rejected by Lindblom and Wildavsky. The theory also received a huge amount of criticism. John Wanat (1974) has argued that budget result could be accounted for by mandatory budget increases and there was no need to refer to constraints on individual decision making for this purpose. The theory of incrementalism was characterized by considerable rift as the concept was put into operation in different ways by different authors.  

Distant learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Distant learning - Essay Example Citing the pitfalls of DL as the reason for its disbandment is a way too easy out of problems, since all artificially contrived constructs are imperfect. This kind of standpoint also betrays being derelict of pragmatism and the failure to grasp the essence of DL. It is for these same reasons that educationalists posit that even in the face of a myriad of challenges that beset DL, DL can still be improved by fusing its elements with those of traditional learning. Statement of the problem This discussion is to facilitate a meaningful discourse on the nature, competitive progress and the fate of the distant or virtual learning system. Definition of Terms On one hand, the term distant learning refers to a system of learning whereby classes get conducted by correspondence, and lectures are broadcasted through the Internet, so that the student needs not to attend a literal school or college. In order to avoid a brush with redundancy, distant learning is to be abbreviated as DL, in this discussion. Thus, DL may be synonymously referred to as distance education. For this same cause, online education is not only a facet of DL, but may also be treated as an alternative term for DL, in this discussion. Another term that are used synonymously to DL include virtual learning, though the abbreviation DL is to be chiefly used. On the other hand, traditional learning refers to conventional and long-established customs in schools and colleges, having been deemed as appropriate by the society. Another term that may be synonymously used to refer to traditional education is back-to-back basics.

Water Resources in Malaysia

Water Resources in Malaysia Abstract Malaysia is a island around with ocean. It seems that there are lots of fresh water can be obtained. And I found that Malaysia received an abundance of rainfall per year. And they are rich with water resources. Also, Malaysia have bottled water in anywhere. The government often provides many bottled water to poor people and dry place. the size of bottled water is large and large in Malaysia, and then, each family all possess some bottled water at home. Finally, I want to suggest the factors and use other ideas to further support the solution. Introduction First, I found some information about fresh water in Malaysia. There are lots of solutions online. Although, Malaysia is surrounded by ocean, and it received an abundance of rainfall. They also rich with water resources. The   south of Malaysia and north of Malaysia are all need more water. And there are many sewage sources, like lots of industry and garbage in the country. So, many river would become very bad, likes there are many green points covered the river, you will smell bad and you cant use this water. In Malaysia, the supply of water is inadvisable for our. They do not have perfect protection of system. If one river be polluted, other rivers also be polluted. Because of this, many aquatic animals will be died. Likes whale will be disappointed in the world cause the ocean be destroyed. Therefore, I mean that the system of water resources should be improved. Methodology From the internet, I find that some websites about the supply of water in Malaysia. And I saw many bad things about bad environment in Malaysia. This means that there are lots of problem in Malaysias water system. They have many sewage sources into river because of many chemistry industries, likes sewage treatment plants, manufacturing industry, animals industry etc. and I also saw the other strategies, that is bottled water using. Its really reliable for peoples life. This is an ideas from unknown author. And I saw a website published by that author. He is famous person, so, I believe that very will. In the internet, I spent more times to research the different topic.and they can give me different ideas. Therefore, I know what is different topic. Findings From the internet, I found the chart of water resources about Malaysia. And the chart describes the number of river is dirty or clean. From the chart, we know that the situation of river is becoming better and better during 2005 to 2012. Cause government express they has the rule about protect the fresh water. And they also purchase the water from china. And the part of slightly polluted also become better and better. In the final, the part of polluted is becoming smaller and smaller. And from the internet, I know a lot of problems about water resources. But now, they can use bottled water to keep working and living. And the water environments situation will not become bad. Discussion In findings, there are one issue that I can talk. From above, I can know the China hold lots of fresh water, so Malaysia purchase the fresh water from china is right. And the Malaysias water system is becoming better during 2005 to 2012. The pollution start to become a little condition, people can possess the clean place to live. On the other hand, I think Malaysia can save the fresh water by themselves. They can built many techniques to survive the water.they can do it without others help. And other countries also have enough water, its better for Malaysia to life. They can acquire these water from other place. But, they should take out some ideas for their water resources. Also, the government should protect the river by all citizen. Someone think that Malaysia government should award some strategies for water environment. I agree with it, I also think bottled water use is right choose. Therefore, I support the strategies to use and keep. Conclusions and Recommendations       Overall, in my view, the alternative of bottled water use and protect the water environment are all right. But now, I think protect water environment is right for us. Because its the basic reason for improve their water environment. To solve this problem, the water system will go original situation. And now, they should purchase the bottled water from other countries. That also is a big problem now, it will cause other pollution for the world. However, I think that they should balance the water use and environment protection. Only do this, their water resources can be keep streaming. References List of the fresh water in Malaysia(1993), available from:http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/T0800E/t0800e0a.htm [Assessed 5 may] Water supply in Malaysia(1989), available from: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/18072/[Assessed 14 oct] Malaysia need o reduce water consumption(2015), available from: https://m.malaysiakini.com/letters/323856[assessed 18 dec ]